A flight delay can ruin your travel plans, cost you money, and cause significant stress. The good news is that EU law is firmly on your side. Under the landmark Sturgeon ruling (Case C-402/07), the European Court of Justice established that passengers whose flights arrive 3 or more hours late at their final destination are entitled to the same compensation as passengers of cancelled flights.
This means you could receive 250€, 400€, or 600€ depending on the distance of your flight. The airline must pay this compensation unless the delay was caused by 'extraordinary circumstances' that could not have been avoided even if all reasonable measures had been taken.
Common causes of delays that DO entitle you to compensation include: technical faults with the aircraft, crew scheduling problems, operational issues, and airline staff strikes. Causes that typically do NOT entitle you to compensation include: severe weather events, air traffic control restrictions, and security incidents.